The working capacity of the 4-tooth diamond bit is influenced by several factors, as follows:

The intrinsic factors of diamond

• Granularity Coarse-grained diamonds are suitable for rough machining, enabling rapid removal of large amounts of material—but they result in a relatively rougher surface finish. Fine-grained diamonds, on the other hand, are ideal for precision finishing, delivering superior surface smoothness; however, their grinding efficiency is comparatively lower. Additionally, uniformity in grain size distribution is crucial, as uneven distribution can lead to uneven stress on the diamond tool during operation, compromising both processing quality and tool life.
• Concentration : Under the condition of maintaining normal matrix-setting capability, a higher diamond concentration on the lip surface of the drill body leads to greater wear resistance of the drill body itself, thereby extending the drill's lifespan. However, an excessively high concentration can negatively impact drilling speed, ultimately slowing down the rock-breaking process.
• Strength and Toughness : High-strength diamonds are resistant to fracturing, allowing them to maintain a sharp cutting edge and ensuring optimal cutting performance. Meanwhile, tough diamonds can effectively absorb and cushion cutting forces to some extent, reducing chipping and spalling—and ultimately extending the lifespan of the diamond tool.

Fetal factors

• Hardness :The hardness of the matrix must match that of the diamond; a matrix with moderate hardness ensures that the diamond segments maintain excellent cutting performance during operation, while also preventing excessive constraint that could compromise the diamond's self-sharpening ability.
• Strength and Impact Toughness During the drilling process, the matrix should possess sufficient strength, as well as a certain level of impact toughness and wear resistance, to withstand the impact forces and friction generated during operation. This will prevent premature wear or cracking of the matrix, thereby ensuring that the diamond cutting teeth can function properly.
• Pavé Setting Capability :The matrix's ability to securely set the diamond is crucial—proper setting ensures the diamond remains firmly embedded within the matrix, preventing it from loosening during operation and thereby guaranteeing both the stability and longevity of the diamond.

Cutting Parameter Factors

• Cutting speed : After increasing the cutting speed, the number of diamond particles participating in the cutting process per unit time rises, which can help reduce cutting forces. However, excessively high speeds may lead to overheating of the diamonds, accelerated wear, or even cracking.
• Feed rate : Increasing the feed rate leads to a greater volume of material removed per unit of time, which in turn increases the cutting force. Excessively high feed rates can place excessive stress on the diamond cutting edges, accelerating wear and reducing tool life.
• Cutting Depth As the back cutting depth increases, the cutting volume of the circular saw blade rises, thereby boosting the cutting force. Excessively large back cutting depths may exceed the diamond segment's capacity, leading to chipping of the diamond cutting teeth or even cracking of the matrix material.

Work environment factors

• Workpiece : Different materials have varying properties such as hardness, strength, and toughness, which also lead to differences in their wear on diamond tools. For instance, machining materials with high hardness and abrasiveness—like cemented carbides or ceramics—will accelerate the wear of diamond tools; conversely, processing softer materials such as wood or plastics results in relatively less wear on the diamond tools.
• Cooling conditions : Good cooling conditions can effectively reduce cutting temperatures, minimizing wear and thermal damage to the diamond tool. During the machining process, the appropriate cooling method and coolant—such as water cooling, oil cooling, or air cooling—should be selected based on actual conditions.
• Operating Temperature : Diamond loses its hardness and stability at high temperatures—specifically, its hardness noticeably decreases when the cutting temperature reaches 500°C. Moreover, once the cutting temperature climbs to 700°C, diamond begins to graphitize, completely losing its cutting ability. Therefore, controlling the working temperature is crucial for maintaining the performance of diamond tools.
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